Verbi modali inglese: cosa sono?
Un verbo modale è un verbo che si usa sempre insieme a un altro verbo per esprimere probabilità, abilità, permesso, obbligo o per formulare domande, richieste o suggerimenti. 😮
Per esempio nella frase I must do my homework, must è il modal verb che dice che il soggetto è obbligato a compiere l’azione espressa dal verbo (fare i compiti).
- Can, could
- May, Might
- Must
- Shall, Should
- Will, would
🕰️ Solo alcuni dei verbi modali principali hanno la capacità di riferirsi al tempo passato: could, might, should e would. A volte hanno la funzione di forme al passato dei verbi modali can, may, shall e will.
Ma ricorda che could, might, should e would hanno anche sensi diversi in cui si riferiscono al presente e al futuro, indicando possibilità, permesso, richiesta, abitudine o altre condizioni. Need, have to, ought to sono altri verbi molto simili nella funzione ai modali.
Per vedere quale o quali modal verb si usa per esprimere la possibilità e quale, per esempio una proposta o un suggerimento… continua a leggere!
E se vuoi saperne di più, prima di cominciare a fare i test sui verbi modali in inglese corri a leggere il nostro 👉 post sui verbi modali inglese👈
Verbi modali inglese esercizi: 20 sulla probabilità
I verbi modali sono utilizzati per esprimersi sul livello di probabilità che si verifichi o si sia verificata l’azione espressa dal verbo principale, in una scala che va da impossibile a sicuro.
- May, might e could si usano per dire che qualcosa è possibile, anche se non sicuro: He might come to the party. It may rain.
- May have, might have, could have esprimono la stessa cosa nel passato: John might have arrived.
- Can indica una probabilità generale: Paris can be very cold in winter.
- Could indica una probabilità generale nel passato: It could be very cold in winter.
- Must esprime la sicurezza di qualcosa: Tom has been working all day. He must be tired.
- Should indica che abbiamo le informazioni per crede che qualcosa sia vero: It’s 5 pm. The store should be open.
- Must have e should have esprimono le stesse cose ma al passato: You had been working all day. You must have been tired.
- Usiamo can’t o cannot per dire che qualcosa è impossibile: This cannot be true.
- Usiamo can’t have o couldn’t have per parlare di impossibilità al passato: He can’t have said such a thing.
Questa la grammatica, ora passiamo alla pratica. ✏️Fra le coppie di frasi seguenti scegli quella dove i modal verbs sono usati nel modo giusto.
20 esercizi verbi modali inglese: descrivere un’abilità
Per esprimere una capacità, un’abilità, una competenza (o il suo contrario) si usano can e can’t: Luisa can swim; Jake can’t speak French.
Per esprimere la stessa cosa si usano could e couldn’t: When we were young, we couldn’t drive.
💡In questo senso, in italiano il verbo can si traduce con sapere, non con potere: Luisa sa nuotare.
Ma can e can’t si usano anche per esprimere una capacità o incapacità momentanea. I can’t breathe. I can see you at 7 pm.
💡In questo senso, in italiano il verbo can si traduce con riuscire, potere: Non riesco a respirare. Posso vederti alle 19.
Could have si usa per dire che in passato qualcuno ha avuto l’opportunità di fare qualcosa ma non l’ha fatto: I could have made a lot of money with my idea, but I am not a great businessman.
💡In questo senso, si traduce con il condizionale passato di potere: Avrei potuto diventare un grande attore.
Adesso tocca a te: nei seguenti esercizi verbi modali, scrivi la traduzione delle frasi e poi confronta le tue proposte con le nostre.
Emily can play the guitar beautifully >> _____________________
Emily sa suonare la chitarra magnificamente.
Sarah could sing very well when she was younger >> _____________________
Sarah sapeva cantare molto bene quando era più giovane.
Liam can finish this report by tomorrow if he focuses >> _________________
Liam può finire questo report entro domani se si concentra.
Can he fix the car himself, or does he need help? >> _________________________________
Riesce a riparare la macchina da solo o ha bisogno di aiuto?
Lisa can speak Japanese fluently >>_____________________
Lisa sa parlare giapponese fluentemente.
The dog can open the door by itself >> _____________________
Il cane sa aprire la porta da solo.
I can’t hear you clearly; could you speak up? >>_____________________
Non ti sento bene; potresti parlare più forte?
They could run for miles without getting tired when they were teenagers >> ___
Riuscivano a correre per chilometri senza stancarsi quando erano adolescenti.
Natalie could have joined the swim team, but she chose basketball >> _____
Natalie avrebbe potuto entrare nella squadra di nuoto, ma ha scelto il basket.
Mark can cook Italian dishes better than most chefs >> ___________________
Mark sa cucinare piatti italiani meglio della maggior parte degli chef.
Jack can solve complex math problems quickly >> _______________________
Jack sa risolvere rapidamente problemi matematici complessi.
The kids can stay up late on weekends >> ___________________________
I bambini possono restare svegli fino a tardi nei fine settimana.
Oliver could lift heavy weights when he was in college >> ________________
Oliver riusciva a sollevare pesi di molti chili quando era al college.
Sophie can draw detailed sketches from memory >> __________________
Sophie sa disegnare schizzi dettagliati a memoria.
He could have completed the marathon, but he got injured >> _____________
Avrebbe potuto fare tutta la maratona, ma si è infortunato.
Sam can perform magic tricks for the whole class >> ______________________
Sam sa fare trucchi di magia per tutta la classe.
You can call me anytime if you need help. >> ___________________________
Puoi chiamarmi in qualsiasi momento se hai bisogno di aiuto.
They couldn’t join the team last year because they were too young >> ________
Non hanno potuto unirsi alla squadra l’anno scorso perché erano troppo giovani.
Can you finish the presentation by this afternoon? >> ______________________
Puoi finire la presentazione entro questo pomeriggio?
She can’t dance tonight because of her sore ankle >> ___________________
Non può ballare stasera perché le fa male la caviglia.
20 esercizi con i modali inglese: chiedere il permesso
Per chiedere o dare il permesso di fare qualcosa si usano i modali: Can (più informale), could (più educato) e May (più formale ed educato). Per negare il permesso si usa la forma negativa Can’t (meno formale) May not (più formale).
Adesso rimboccati le maniche: le frasi seguenti sono state tutte mescolate. Ti va di rimetterle in ordine?
- Permission / can’t / manager / you / from / the / the / access / files / without.
- weekend / I / borrow / book / for / the / can / your?
- outside / children / can / go / the / play / to / after / lunch.
- open / could / I / it’s / warm / a / window / bit / the / here?
- students / in / can / use / the / laptops / research / library / for / the.
- after / the / table / may / I / leave / finishing / dinner?
- if / helping / you’re / hungry / still / can / another / have / you.
- inside / museum / take / photos / the / visitors / may.
- use / break / our / we / can / during / phones / the?
- not / may / the / until / the / use / pool / you / arrives / lifeguard.
- extra / complete / could / day / please / project / an / I / to / the / have?
- for / it / the / only / or / join / may / members / we / is / event?
- may / call / discuss / later / to / details / I / the / you?
- or / be / distracting / too / music / it / can / I / play / would?
- leave / early / if / today / finished / can / you / you’ve / your / yes / work.
- you / take / samples / as / need / you / may / as / many.
- join / you’re / can / whenever / club / the / you / ready.
- for / stay / can / friend / night / my / the / over?
- here / for /the / it / we / or / could / /residents / park / of / reserved / is /building?
- facilities / may / library / all / members / day / the / use.
Mostra i risultati
- You can’t access the files without permission from the manager.
- Can I borrow your book for the weekend?
- The children can go outside to play after lunch.
- Could I open the window? It’s a bit warm here.
- The students can use the laptops in the library for research.
- May I leave the table after finishing dinner?
- You can have another helping if you’re still hungry.
- Visitors may take photos inside the museum.
- Can we use our phones during the break?
- You may not use the pool until the lifeguard arrives.
- Could I please have an extra day to complete the project?
- May we join the event, or is it only for members?
- May I call you later to discuss the details?
- Can I play music or would it be too distracting?
- Yes, you can leave early today if you’ve finished your work.
- You may take as many samples as you need.
- You can join the club whenever you’re ready.
- Can my friend stay over for the night?
- Could we park here, or is it reserved for residents of the building?
- Members may use the library facilities all day.
Verbi modali in inglese esercizi: 20 su richieste, offerte, inviti
Allora, ripassiamo velocemente 🤓:
Per chiedere a qualcuno di fare qualcosa si usa:
- Can (meno formale): Can you open the door?
- Could (più formale): Could you open the door please?
- Would (molto formale) Would you open the door, please?
Per fare proposte si usa:
- Can I: Can I help you?
- Shall I: Shall I make some coffee?
Per fare una proposta alla forma affermativa si può dire:
- I can / I could / I will : I can/could / will do the grocery if you want
Invece se vogliamo formulare un invito utilizziamo:
- Would you like to: Would you like to come for dinner next Saturday?
- You must (molto formale): You must come for dinner next Saturday.
Mettiti alla prova: scegli il modal verb giusto per completare le frasi seguenti 👇
__________ I help you carry those bags? Must / Can
Can
__________ you like to join us for dinner on Saturday? Shall / Would
Would
You __________ visit our new house sometime soon! Could / Must
Must
__________ you let me know if there’s any change in the plan? Could / Shall
Could
__________ you mind checking this report for errors? Would / Could
Would
__________ I make some coffee for everyone? Shall / Must
Shall
__________ you send me the agenda for tomorrow’s meeting? Shall / Can
Can
__________ you like another slice of cake? Could / Would
Would
I __________ lend you my notes if you missed the lecture. can / Would
can
__________ you pass the salt, please? Can / Will
Can
I __________ clean up the kitchen if you’re tired. Would / Could
Could
I __________ take care of that report for you if you need a hand. Would / Will
Will
I __________ bring dessert for the dinner party, if you’d like. Could / Would
Could
__________ I do the grocery shopping for you this week? Should / Can
Can
We __________ meet up for lunch next week. Must / Will
Must
__________ you help me with my luggage? Must / Could
Could
__________ open the door for you; your hands look full. Must / ‘ll
‘ll
__________ I pick up the kids from school today? Would / Shall
Shall
__________ you like to see a movie with us this weekend? Could / Would
Would
I __________ drive you to the airport tomorrow morning if it’s helpful. Will / Must
Will
Verbi modali inglese: 20 esercizi su suggerimenti e obblighi
Un altro uso dei verbi modali riguarda l’espressione di suggerimenti e di obblighi a fare qualcosa.
Se vuoi dare un suggerimento usa:
- Should e shouldn’t. Non solo per i suggerimenti ma anche per i consigli: You should take a cough syrup. You shouldn’t go out the night before exams.
- Could e couldn’t per suggerire qualcosa di positivo, in modo simile a una proposta: We could eat out tonight.
- Le forme del First conditional e del Second conditional se vuoi suggerire qualcosa in modo ancora più educato: I will look after the children if you need a few hours’ rest.
Se invece vuoi ordinare a qualcuno di fare qualcosa, usa:
- Must oppure Need to quando è necessario, obbligatorio fare qualcosa: You must go to school. Everyone needs to bring something to eat.
- Mustn’t / Must not per i divieti (obbligo di non fare): You must not use your mobile phone during class.
- Had to per obblighi nel passato: You had to go to school.
- Couldn’t per divieti nel passato: You couldn’t use your mobile phone during class.
E adesso passiamo all’azione! 💪 Completa le frasi seguenti scegliendo il modal verb corretto.
You ______________ try the new Italian restaurant in town. Should / Must
Should
All company employees ______________ attend the mandatory training session. Must / Musn’t
Must
We ______________ meet after work for a coffee. Should / Could
Could
You ______________ submit the report by the deadline. Must / Could
Must
______________ you let them know in advance if you can’t make it? Musn’t / Couldn’t
Couldn’t
Everyone ______________ bring a drink to the party. Could / Had to
Had to
You ___ join us for the hike this weekend if you’re free. Could / Must
Could
He ____ study a bit every day to stay on top of his coursework. Should / Could
Should
You ______________ get some rest; you look exhausted. Must / Should
Should
We ______________ plan a day trip to the beach next weekend. Had to / Could
Could
Sarah ______________ help you if you ask her. Will / Would
Will
______________ we invite Sarah to the party? Musn’t / Shouldn’t
Shouldn’t
You ______________ check out that book; it’s really informative. Could / Should
Should
You ______________ share confidential information with anyone. Must / Musn’t
Musn’t
Dan ______________ support your decision if you explained it to him. Would / Had to
Would
You ______ take a break; you’ve been working nonstop. Would / Should / Both
Both
If you applied for the job, they _______ consider your experience. Must / Would
Would
We ______________ try a different route to avoid traffic. Could / Must
Could
If you’re ever in doubt, you ______________ ask for guidance. Must / Should
Should
You ____skip breakfast; it’s the most important meal of the day. Couldn’t / Shouldn’t
Shouldn’t